F tier · safety concern
Two rodent papers and zero registered human trials of any kind, yet it is already sold to consumers in oral form — the gap between marketing and evidence is as wide as anything in this index.
slu-pp-332
SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic agonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRα/β/γ) that has been reported to increase mitochondrial function and endurance in mice, and to reduce fat mass in rodent models of metabolic syndrome. As of this index there is no published human pharmacokinetic, safety or efficacy data, and no clinical trial has been registered.
// we supply this one
available as a research reagent
≥ 98% HPLC · research solution · batch certificate published. Grade F above is our own and is not adjusted because we stock it.
the explanation
This is an experimental chemical that appears to switch on some of the same genes in muscle that exercise does — in mice. Nobody has published a study of what it does in a person, including whether it is safe.
regulatory status
Not approved anywhere; no registered clinical trials
SLU-PP-332 is not an approved drug in any jurisdiction and is not a lawful dietary supplement ingredient. A ClinicalTrials.gov query returned zero registered studies. It circulates through research-chemical vendors, including in oral tablet and capsule presentations, which is a commercial channel rather than a regulatory status.
how it works · proposed mechanism
SLU-PP-332 activates the estrogen-related receptor family, a set of orphan nuclear receptors that sit downstream of the same transcriptional programme exercise engages.
Pan-ERR nuclear receptor agonism
The compound binds and activates ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ rather than selecting one subtype, with the strongest reported potency at ERRα. These receptors work with PGC-1α coactivators to control transcription of oxidative metabolism genes.
Mitochondrial biogenesis programme
In muscle-cell models the compound raised mitochondrial function and cellular respiration, consistent with upregulation of oxidative-phosphorylation gene sets. This is the mechanistic basis for the 'exercise mimetic' framing used in the primary literature.
Fatty acid oxidation shift
In obese rodent models treatment was associated with increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation alongside reduced fat mass accumulation. The reported effect is on substrate handling and expenditure rather than on appetite.
what’s reported
evidence shape
5 sourcesThe composition of the cited literature by study type. This describes the shape of the evidence, not its quality — and it does not by itself set the grade.
⚠ the catch
Every efficacy claim attached to this compound traces back to mouse experiments published in 2023 and 2024 by essentially one research group. It is being sold for human consumption years ahead of the first human dose ever being formally studied, which means buyers are the phase 1 trial and no one is collecting the data.
key published findings
- In vitro: reported as a pan-agonist of ERRα/β/γ with strongest activity at ERRα (EC50 reported at approximately 98 nM); increased mitochondrial function and cellular respiration in muscle-cell models (Billon et al., ACS Chem Biol 2023;18:756-771).
- Rodent: in mice, SLU-PP-332 induced an ERRα-dependent acute aerobic exercise response and enhanced exercise endurance; the effect was lost without ERRα, establishing target dependence (ACS Chem Biol 2023;18:756-771).
- Rodent: in diet-induced obese and ob/ob mice, treatment increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, decreased fat mass accumulation, reduced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity (Billon et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024;388:232-240).
- Human trial: none. A ClinicalTrials.gov query for SLU-PP-332 returned zero registered studies, meaning there is no published human dose, exposure, tolerability or efficacy data of any kind.
- Chemistry: molecular formula C18H14N2O2, formula weight 290.3, CAS 303760-60-3 (Cayman Chemical product data).
limitations of the evidence
- The entire in vivo evidence base is rodent and largely from a single collaborating group; there is no independent replication in a second species.
- No published human pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, dose-exposure relationship or chronic toxicology exists, so the doses used in mouse studies cannot be mapped onto anything human.
- ERR receptors are broadly expressed, including in cardiac and other high-oxidative tissue, so the consequences of sustained non-selective pan-ERR activation in people are simply unknown rather than known to be benign.
documented safety signals
- No human safety data has been published — no adverse-event profile exists because no controlled human exposure has been reported.
- No published chronic or reproductive toxicology in any species was identified for this index.
- Material sold to consumers is research-chemical supply, outside pharmaceutical purity, identity and contaminant controls; product identity and content are unverified by any regulator.
identity
| full name | SLU-PP-332 (synthetic pan-ERR agonist) |
| category | Metabolic |
| modality | small molecule |
| formula | C18H14N2O2 |
| molar mass | 290.3 g/mol |
| cas | 303760-60-3 |
laboratory handling
| storage | Vendor-specified for the research chemical: solid stored at -20 °C; solutions kept frozen and protected from light. No approved pharmaceutical storage standard exists because there is no approved product. |
| solubility | Poorly water-soluble. Cayman Chemical reports sparing solubility in DMSO (1-10 mg/mL) and slight solubility in ethanol (0.1-1 mg/mL). |
Handling information describes laboratory practice for a research reagent. It is not a preparation guide for use in humans.
the receipts
5 citedU.S. National Library of Medicine · 2026 · official
Cayman Chemical · 2026 · official
ACS Chemical Biology 2023;18:756-771 · 2023 · preclinical
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2024;388(2):232-240 · 2024 · preclinical
Wikipedia · 2026 · reviews
others in Metabolic